, also known as N-chlorotriphenylmethylhypochlorite, is a common oxidant and chlorinating agent. The appearance is a white to light yellow solid powder with hygroscopicity. Its molecular weight is 290.5, CAS 127-65-1, and the molecular formula is C19H16ClNO2. It is extremely soluble in water, with a solubility of about 76 g/100 mL of water, and releases a large amount of heat. It is also easily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, and acetone. It has weak acidity and can ionize hydrogen ions in water, so it can be used as an acid. Meanwhile, it also has weak alkalinity and can accept hydroxide ions. It is a common oxidant and chlorinating agent, widely used in fields such as medicine, pesticides, dyes, etc.
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Method 1: The synthesis of chloramine T from aniline is also a commonly used method. This method mainly includes three steps: sulfonation, amination, and chlorination of aniline. The specific steps are as follows:
1. Sulfonation reaction
(1) Mixing aniline and chlorosulfonic acid: Mix aniline and chlorosulfonic acid in a 1:1 molar ratio and stir evenly with a glass rod.
(2) Temperature control: Place the mixture on a magnetic stirrer and control the temperature at around 50 degree .
(3) Sulfonation reaction: Under controlled temperature, let the mixture react for about 1 hour until aniline is completely converted to p-toluenesulfonyl chloride.
(4) Separation and drying: The hydrogen chloride gas generated by the reaction is removed by a rotary evaporator, and the remaining liquid is separated and dried to obtain p-toluenesulfonyl chloride.
C6H52 + ClSO3H → C6H53H + HCl
2. Ammonification reaction
(1) Preparation of sodium hydroxide solution: Dissolve a certain amount of sodium hydroxide in ethanol to prepare a sodium hydroxide solution.
(2) Drop p-toluenesulfonyl chloride into a three necked bottle: Drop the dried p-toluenesulfonyl chloride into the three necked bottle using a constant pressure dropper.
(3) Ammonia injection: Under stirring conditions, inject ammonia into a three necked bottle.
(4) Control temperature and pressure: Control the reaction temperature at around 80 degree and maintain a certain pressure, so that ammonia can fully react with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride.
(5) Ammoniation reaction: Under controlled temperature and pressure conditions, allow the mixture to react for about 2 hours until p-toluenesulfonyl chloride is completely converted to N-toluenesulfonyl dimethylamine.
(6) Separation and drying: Separate and dry the reacted liquid to obtain N-p-toluenesulfonyl dimethylamine.
C6H53H+2NH3 + NaOH → C6H5223 + 2H2O
3. Alkaline salt formation reaction
(1) Dissolve N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine in ethanol: Dissolve a certain amount of N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine in ethanol to form an ethanol solution of N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine.
(2) Add sodium hydroxide solution to the reflux tube: Add a certain amount of sodium hydroxide solution to the reflux tube.
(3) Alkaline salt formation reaction: Add N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine ethanol solution to a reflux tube and perform alkaline salt formation reaction under stirring conditions.
(4) Temperature control: Control the temperature of the reflux tube at around 80 degree to ensure the smooth progress of the alkali salt reaction.
(5) Separation and drying: Separate and dry the reacted liquid to obtain N-p-toluenesulfonyl dimethylamine sodium salt.
C6H5223 + NaOH → C6H5223
4. Chlorination reaction of chlorine gas
(1) Dissolve N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine sodium salt in water: Dissolve a certain amount of N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine sodium salt in water to form a N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine sodium salt solution.
(2) Introduce chlorine gas into the reflux pipe: Under stirring conditions, introduce chlorine gas into the reflux pipe.
(3) Control temperature and pressure: Control the temperature of the reflux tube at around 80 degree and maintain a certain pressure, so that chlorine gas can fully react with N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine sodium salt.
(4) Chlorination reaction of chlorine gas: Under controlled temperature and pressure conditions, let the mixture react for about 1 hour until N-p-toluenesulfonyldimethylamine sodium salt is completely converted to chloramine T.
(6) Separation and drying: Separate and dry the reacted liquid to obtain chloramine T.
Method 2: The synthesis of chloramine T from p-nitrophenol is also a commonly used method. This method mainly includes two steps: sulfonation and reduction of nitrophenol. The specific steps are as follows:
1. Sulfonation reaction
(1) Mixing p-nitrophenol and chlorosulfonic acid: Dissolve a certain amount of p-nitrophenol in dimethylformamide (DMF), add an appropriate amount of chlorosulfonic acid, and stir evenly with a glass rod.
(2) Temperature control: Place the mixture on a magnetic stirrer and control the temperature at around 50 degree .
(3) Sulfonation reaction: Under controlled temperature, let the mixture react for about 1 hour until p-nitrophenol is completely converted to p-aminobenzenesulfonyl chloride.
(4) Separation and drying: The hydrogen chloride gas generated by the reaction is removed by a rotary evaporator, and the remaining liquid is separated and dried to obtain p-aminobenzenesulfonyl chloride.
C6H52 + ClSO3H → C6H53H + HCl
2. Reduction reaction
(1) Dissolve p-aminobenzenesulfonyl chloride in water: Dissolve a certain amount of p-aminobenzenesulfonyl chloride in distilled water to form an aqueous solution of p-aminobenzenesulfonyl imine.
(2) Reduction reaction: Under water bath heating conditions, slowly pour the aqueous solution of p-aminobenzenesulfonyl imine into a beaker while continuously stirring. Then add a certain amount of zinc or iron powder to the solution and continue stirring until the solid particles disappear.
(3) Separation and drying: Separate and dry the reacted liquid to obtain chloramine T.
C6H52COOH + Zn/Fe → C6H523 + Zn (OH)22
The above are the detailed steps and corresponding chemical reaction formulas for synthesizing chloramine T from p-nitrophenol as raw material. In practical operation, it is necessary to pay attention to controlling the conditions of each reaction step, such as temperature, pressure, catalyst dosage, raw material ratio, etc., to ensure the obtaining of high-purity chloramine T. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to safety operating procedures to avoid accidents.